Pathophysiology of Obesity Essay

The arrangement of this examination paper will focus on the point about the pathophysiologic state of the confusion called weight. In this way, this would center in the said point to decide the useful changes that accompany such kind of turmoil that supposedly has created as one of the noticeable medical issue in the general public. In addition, the paper would work in rendering basic data that is seen basic to additionally comprehend the state of weight. Furthermore, this examination would likewise manage the key regions that are believed to be of significant worry with respect to doing combating and forestalling weight. In any case, this hangs on the reason in rendering positive and basic data about corpulence. The accompanying will be talked about: †¢ A Brief Background: Obesity †¢ Pathophysiology of Obesity †¢ Causes of Obesity †¢ Medical Treatment and Nursing Intervention At the finish of the paper, in expects to render realities and data about the pathophysiology of the weight. In like manner, the culmination of this examination paper is additionally set to furnish clear and apparent data concerning the conceivable clinical medicines and nursing mediations that should be possible to have the option to fight and forestall corpulence. A Brief Background: Obesity It can be said that the conversations over the subject of weight is typically neglected as one of the significant medical problems that needs concurred consideration. Regularly, the general public would depict heftiness as a state wherein a person with such condition supposedly is crazy for having such strange and greasy body. It might be said, weight must be viewed as a genuine condition where it supposedly is one of the most conspicuous wellbeing issue that if not appropriately dealt with it can result to various extreme wellbeing difficulties in the body. By and large, corpulence is portrayed as an interminable condition that includes unnecessary sum muscle to fat ratio (Goroll, 2006). In spite of the fact that muscle versus fat is fundamental for putting away vitality, heat protection, stun retention, and other basic capacities, the typical measure of muscle to fat ratio should just be between 25-30% for ladies and 18-23% for men (Goroll, 2006). Subsequently, ladies with unnecessary muscle versus fat with over 30% and for men with over 25% muscle versus fat are now viewed as fat (Goroll, 2006). Additionally, the stoutness is likewise observed to be one of the raising wellbeing conditions in the general public wherein the quantities of individuals with such turmoil are quickly expanding (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). In the United States, the weight has just arrived at pandemic degree in which it is seen that one in each three Americans is hefty (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). Along these lines, stoutness, as a genuine wellbeing condition, is additionally observed to be quickly expanding in the worldwide society that the event of weight has essentially bent over from the year 1991 up to 1998 (â€Å"Obesity,† n. . ). Pathophysiology of Obesity With the way that stoutness is a noteworthy wellbeing danger, the additional weight or the over the top fat is slanted to make phenomenal worry in all pieces of the body (â€Å"Causes, rate, and hazard factors,† n. d. ). Along these lines, the event of stoutness regularly joins negative improvements in the body that are viewed as the procurement of genuine ailments and raises the danger of people to having diabetes, kidney sickness, coronary illness, and stroke and gallbladder ailment (â€Å"Causes, rate, and hazard factors,† n. . ). Weight likewise makes sick wellbeing conditions, for example, hypertension and elevated cholesterol that are regularly observed among the grown-ups, which is presently accepted to be found in the youngsters that are hefty (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). What's more, the corpulence additionally builds the danger of individual to obtain specific sorts of malignancy. Likewise, fat people are believed to be increasingly disposed to create osteoarthritis and rest apnea (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). Similarly, the corpulence or the unnecessary fat is regularly joined by a few side effects, for example, windedness, sleepiness, back torment, dampness, joint pain, menstrual disarranges, poor dozing and despondency (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). Additionally, stoutness expands the likelihood of myocardial infraction and cardiovascular breakdown (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). Henceforth, it is seen that greatest plausible effect of heftiness in wellbeing, all the more particularly with that of the old, is the assorted variety of its belongings with different frameworks in the body (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity’† n. d. ). Reasons for Obesity By and large, most of clinical specialists concur that a blend of over the top calorie utilization and a latent way of life are believed to be the essential drivers of weight (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). Along these lines, the expanded of food utilization is regularly ascribed as hereditary, clinical or mental sickness (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). In like manner, it is additionally said that the other likely explanations of weight are inherited impacts, indulging, diet high in basic starches, slow digestion, and recurrence of eating, physical idleness, drug, for example, antidepressants and mental factors, for example, serious enthusiastic trouble (â€Å"Obesity,† n. . ). Besides, in the survey that is done in the year 2006, it is said that the most plausible elements that have contribute in the ascent of heftiness are believed to be the reason for deficient rest, endocrine disruptors, diminished paces of smoking, expanded utilization of medicine that prompts weight gain, pregnancy at a later age, intrauterine and intergenerational impacts, constructive regular determination of individuals with a higher BMI (â€Å"10 Factors in Rise of Obesity,† n. d. ). Clinical Treatment and Nursing Intervention Treatment through the assistance of a doctor supposedly is important in heftiness, all the more particularly during the occasions wherein the person’s own endeavors to shed pounds isn't working and when it is seen fundamental that concurrent ailments make it essential for a corpulent individual to get in shape (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. d. ). Hence, solution of prescriptions may appear as important for those having individuals with weight related medical issues (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. . ). Likewise, the remedies of over-the-counter enhancements are additionally considered as basic in the clinical treatment of stoutness that could supportive for the individuals in exertion to get thinner (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. d. ). Conduct procedures are likewise utilized in the treatment of heftiness that could help alter dietary propensities and increment movement levels of fat individuals (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. . ). Similarly, psychotherapy for dietary issues with the specialist is additionally observed fundamental in the treatment procedure of corpulence that may likewise require prescription (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. d. ). Then again, it is seen apparent that the other plausible nursing mediation that should be possible to fight stoutness is having a solid and dynamic way of life through the nearness of activity. All things considered, the inclusion through sound activities is to be sure useful in treatment of heftiness as these exercises are acceptable in consuming calories and different overabundance fats in the body. What's more, a decent solid eating routine is additionally observed as another nursing mediation for corpulence in which eating well nourishments with adjusted eating routine are basic in keeping up and accomplishing sound body. In any case, the altered individual order with respect to antagonistic dietary patterns is additionally observed as likely nursing intercession for corpulence. Conclusion With the above composed realities and data about the pathophysiology of corpulence, it is seen apparent that picking such point in this examination paper is without a doubt critical and accommodating for the individuals, all the more particularly among the people with so much condition, as this gives genuine information of the likely contrary outcomes that accompanies weight. In that capacity, this exploration paper likewise gives authentic get-together of data in doing combating and rewarding corpulence. In any case, it is seen clear that the issue of weight is one of the genuine medical issues that are needing appropriate consideration.

How to Write a Scholarship Essay

How to Write a Scholarship EssayLearning how to write scholarship essays will help any student who wants to succeed in their career. If you want to do well in school and take a competitive examination, you need to know how to write a good essay. This is because an essay should be interesting, well written, and easy to understand. It should include many important points that help the reader retain your message.You need to know how to write a scholarship essay first before you begin writing your own. There are many sources on the Internet that can help you learn how to write a scholarship essay. Look for blogs that can help you. You can find out how to write a scholarship essay by researching the topic. If you already know what the topic is, it makes it easier to learn how to write a scholarship essay.It can be frustrating trying to find the right essay topic for your essay. Not every subject has enough variety in the essay. No matter what subject you choose, you need to remember that you need to avoid using words like 'you'you're'. Most students don't want to sound like they are taking credit for someone else's work.You also need to avoid using pronouns such as 'he'she'. If you use these pronouns, your essay will seem wordy and too formal. In order to avoid using pronouns, you will need to use a title marker. This will help you avoid having a title that may be too long.You should learn how to write a scholarship essay. You need to write your essay with a purpose. If you write a scholarship essay for no reason, it will not be of any benefit to you.Writing an essay helps you to focus and retain information. If you have information that is being presented in a clear and concise manner, you will remember it. That will help you to continue to apply for college and scholarships.It is important to learn how to write a scholarship essay. Most students do not know how to write a scholarship essay, so they end up writing an essay that isn't of any use to them. By learning how to write a scholarship essay, you will be able to apply for scholarships and make more money.You should consider how to write a scholarship essay as you work on your essay. Write a paper that makes sense and uses easy to understand language. Make sure that you take the time to learn how to write a scholarship essay before you write one.

Leadership and Management Essay The WritePass Journal

Administration and Management Essay INTROUCTION Administration and Management Essay INTROUCTION LeadershipMANAGEMENT Difference among Leadership and ManagementLeadership versus ManagementLEADERSHIP THEORIESAssumptions of Management theoriesORGANISATIONAL SETTINGCommunicationMotivationSelf-confidencePeer feedback CONCLUSIONREFERENCESRelated INTROUCTION In this task I will characterize initiative and the executives, and afterward I will examine a portion of the administration speculations i.e Contingency Theory, Path-objective Theory, Great man hypothesis, Management speculations, Transformational hypothesis/pioneer. After that I did a hierarchical setting wherein I talking about the initiative style of Steve employments in Apple. At that point I will examine my qualities and shortcomings based on my companion criticism. Finally I compose end and suggestion.  Leadership Administration have various definitions given by various creators and experts, yet for the most part it is relationship in which the conduct or activities of individuals are impacted by one individual. ‘’Leadership is the way toward impacting a gathering inside an association towards accomplishing a point or goal’’ (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 20011:471). As indicated by Yukl authority is:- ‘’The procedure of affecting others to comprehend and concur about what should be done and how to do it Also, the way toward encouraging individual and aggregate endeavors to achieve shared objectives.’’ (Yukl, 2010:26)  Individuals and associations execution is impacted by the administration since it is a two-way process. To empower their devotees to work adequately pioneer rouse their supporters and plan hierarchical settings. In the event that the gathering is impacted or inspired by the pioneer and give their full exertion to arrive at the ideal objective then the exhibition of the organization naturally improved. The executives As Mullins said Management is ‘’Getting work done through the endeavors of other people.’’ (Mullins, 2010:434) Chief is the individual who plays out the capacity of the board by utilizing the accessible assets productively and viably to achieve wanted objectives and targets. Contrast among Leadership and Management Authority versus The executives Administrators do things right; pioneers do the correct things. Relationship of Managing is a power; driving relationship is influensive. Steadiness is made by the board; change comes in view of driving. Authority THEORIES Possibility Theory of authority is identified with the business condition that figures out which administration style is best for the distinctive circumstance. As indicated by this hypothesis there is no single style of authority is proper for all circumstances.  Way objective Theoryis the third possibility model of administration centers around the pioneer to propel subordinate. It recommends that the pioneer should expel obstacles, explain the ways and expanding the award for the adherents to arrive at the objectives by utilizing any of the four administration conduct for example Order administration, Supportive authority, Participative initiative and Achievement-situated initiative.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â (House and Dessler, 2010:387-388) Incredible man hypothesis  proposes that administration capacity is natural and the extraordinary pioneers are brought into the world not made. As per this hypothesis you are either a characteristic conceived pioneer or you are definitely not. The board theoriesâ  are otherwise called value-based speculations. This initiative hypothesis depends on arrangement of remuneration and discipline.  â â â â â â â Suppositions of Management speculations In the event that the individuals get order from one predominant or the hierarchy of leadership is clear, at that point they play out their best. The board use prize and discipline to inspire laborers. Adherents must comply with the directions and orders of the pioneer. Transformational hypothesis/pioneer  proficiently and viably propel its group by utilizing levels of leadership to take care of business. Transformational pioneer envisions the 10,000 foot view of the association and accompany another thought that moves an association to arrive at that level. Expansive structure of administration style  is the administrative authority towards subordinate staff and the focal point of intensity inside the three headings- Dictatorial style-In this style the board has the focal point of capacity to take any choice. Vote based style-In this style the focal point of intensity is more in a gathering. The initiative should impart its capacity to gathering. Free enterprise (real) style-In this style the gathering individuals have opportunity to do anything they desire since director realizes that individuals from bunch are doing well thing.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â (Mullins, L.J. 2010:381) Authoritative SETTING I read a contextual investigation of an Apple established by Steve Jobs in1976. In the wake of perusing the contextual analysis I secured that Steve positions is a transformational pioneer since he generally accompanies another thought and viably persuades his subordinates to arrive at his arrangement or objective. He puts stock in change that’s why he constantly found an open door in buyers taste and need. Macintosh is established in 1976 and accompanies Apple I a PC pack. He presents Apple II in 1977 with shading designs and floppy plate. At that point apple propelled Macintosh in 1984 it is the key advance in the improvement of today’s pc. In 1996 apple purchased NeXT. In 2001 he propelled iPod music player for music darlings. By this he set of another key choice in music and diversion. At that point he accompanied the iPhone in 2007 and the MacBook In view of all these development I secured that Steve positions consistently changing there items and making another arrangement for the clients. PEER FEEDBACK Correspondence Correspondence is the procedure of trade and stream of data starting with one individual then onto the next. Viable correspondence is a two path correspondence, where the collector gets the specific data that the sender transmitted. Correspondence is the basic factor of pioneer on the grounds that without great correspondence aptitude pioneer can’t pass on his proposals and choices to the supporters or he can’t lead them. Correspondence is of two sorts verbal and nonverbal. As indicated by Mehrabian ‘’in eye to eye correspondence others comprehends us just 7% by words we use, 38% from our voice and staying 55% from non-verbal communication and facial expressions.’’ (Mullins, L.J. 2010:230) Companion input In my gathering work my gathering mate and I talked about the relational abilities and the significance of correspondence in administration. After that conversation we offered input to one another, where I got normal remark. As indicated by my gathering individuals I have a capacity to communicate the thing however I can’t expound plainly in light of the fact that I talk in a moderate voice and the audience can’t get me obviously. Inspiration Inspiration is the way toward animating somebody to utilize his ability for satisfying the ideal objective. A pioneer spurs their devotees by adulating them or by giving them reward like reward, motivating force, advancement and so forth. In Maslow’s Hierarchy Needs Theory he characterizes five needs of the individuals. He orchestrated these requirements in a chain of importance request for example physiological necessities, wellbeing needs, love needs, regard needs, self-actualisation needs. (Mullins, L.J. 2010:261)  A decent pioneer is a decent spark he generally moves the person by various hypotheses of inspiration. Companion criticism During bunch conversation my gathering individuals gave me the positive input since they realized that in our account task I helped one of my gathering part who discover some issue in relating the proportions of the organization with the financial variables, as I have a business foundation I helped him by giving hypothesis and the best possible connection. Fearlessness Authority develops from fearlessness, it is the principal premise of administration. Initiative is tied in with having certainty to decide. The gathering individuals or the devotees can step forward towards the ideal objective just when the pioneer is sure. So the pioneers certainty is straightforwardly proportionate to the devotees. It acts like a scaffold among individual and its objective. Companion criticism My gathering mate feels that I am fair in self-assurance since when I am giving my system introduction I am not utilizing my non-verbal communication unquestionably and I am delaying to give introduction. I’ll accept that remark as a blessing and attempt to expand my degree of certainty. Assignment Assignment is the abilities or information on the individual and giving them an undertaking, it likewise incorporates three ideas for example authority, obligation and responsibility. Assignment empowers a pioneer to build up the presentation of the adherents to arrive at the ideal objective by utilizing time. Friend criticism In my gathering action I offered proposals to my gathering and they watch it. Whenever I find the opportunity I gave my recommendations to fragile the work. They discovered my recommendation a normal since some time I didn’t discover the quality of barely any colleagues in various assignments. So sometimes I am not ready to relegate an errand to the ideal individual.  End A pioneer is an individual who impacts others to achieve the ideal objective, pioneer acknowledge demands faces challenge to evacuate obstacles for his subordinates, he had an alternate styles for various circumstances. A pioneer is a good example for the organisat

Six Winning Strategies to Cutting the Cost of College

var _cio=_cio||[];(function(){var a,b,c;a=function(f){return function(){_cio.push([f].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0)))}};b=["load","identify","sidentify","track","page"];for(c=0;c function submitform(){var first_name=document.getElementById("registrant.givenName").value;var last_name=document.getElementById("registrant.surname").value;var email=document.getElementById("registrant.email").value;var notes=document.getElementById("customRegistrationSubmission.answers_0.text").value;var created_at=1553104497;var utm_source="Webcast-2016";var utm_medium="Webcast-2016";var utm_campaign="Webcast-2016";var campaign="Webcast-2016";var source="Webcast-2016";document.getElementById("gotowebinar_form").submit();document.getElementById("thankyou_notice").style.display='block';document.getElementById("gotowebinar_form_div").style.display='none';_cio.identify({id:email,email:email,created_at:created_at,first_name:first_name,last_name:last_name,notes:notes,utm_source:utm_source,utm_medium:utm_medium,utm_campaign:utm_campaign,campaign:campaign,source:source});return false;} Thank you for signing up for the Webcast.You will receive email confirmation soon. Savingforcollege.com presents: Six Winning Strategies to Cutting the Cost of College Webcast with Lynn O'Shaughnessy Everyone who attends the webcast will receive a FREE ebook that will help you determine how much financial aid your family qualifies for. WHEN: Wed, Oct 19, 2016 1:00 PM - 2:00 PM EDT The absolute best way to make college more affordable for your family is to become an educated college consumer. In this webinar, Lynn Oï ¿ ½Shaughnessy, a nationally recognized higher-ed expert, will get you started by sharing six little-known yet powerful ways to cut college costs. In her presentation, Lynn will provide advice on these critical issues: --> Thanks to everyone who attended our webinar, and special thanks to Lynn Oï ¿ ½Shaughnessy of The College Solution for sharing her expertise with our readers! If you werenï ¿ ½t able to attend, you can watch the recording here. This webinar is a must-see for parents who want to become more educated college consumers and lower their cost of college. In the presentation, Lynn provides advice on these critical issues: How to easily determine if your family will qualify for financial aid and what you should do after you get the answer. What will likely be the most lucrative source of college money for your family. How to use a remarkable tool that will provide an estimate of what a specific college will really cost your family and why itï ¿ ½s critical to use it before your child applies anywhere. How your 529 college accounts and other investments will impact financial aid. How to pinpoint school graduation rates ï ¿ ½ all too often overlooked - while generating college ideas. The brand new changes in the financial aid/admission world that will impact millions of families just like yours. var _cio=_cio||[];(function(){var a,b,c;a=function(f){return function(){_cio.push([f].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0)))}};b=["load","identify","sidentify","track","page"];for(c=0;c function submitform(){var first_name=document.getElementById("registrant.givenName").value;var last_name=document.getElementById("registrant.surname").value;var email=document.getElementById("registrant.email").value;var notes=document.getElementById("customRegistrationSubmission.answers_0.text").value;var created_at=1553104497;var utm_source="Webcast-2016";var utm_medium="Webcast-2016";var utm_campaign="Webcast-2016";var campaign="Webcast-2016";var source="Webcast-2016";document.getElementById("gotowebinar_form").submit();document.getElementById("thankyou_notice").style.display='block';document.getElementById("gotowebinar_form_div").style.display='none';_cio.identify({id:email,email:email,created_at:created_at,first_name:first_name,last_name:last_name,notes:notes,utm_source:utm_source,utm_medium:utm_medium,utm_campaign:utm_campaign,campaign:campaign,source:source});return false;} Thank you for signing up for the Webcast.You will receive email confirmation soon. Savingforcollege.com presents: Six Winning Strategies to Cutting the Cost of College Webcast with Lynn O'Shaughnessy Everyone who attends the webcast will receive a FREE ebook that will help you determine how much financial aid your family qualifies for. WHEN: Wed, Oct 19, 2016 1:00 PM - 2:00 PM EDT The absolute best way to make college more affordable for your family is to become an educated college consumer. In this webinar, Lynn Oï ¿ ½Shaughnessy, a nationally recognized higher-ed expert, will get you started by sharing six little-known yet powerful ways to cut college costs. In her presentation, Lynn will provide advice on these critical issues: --> Thanks to everyone who attended our webinar, and special thanks to Lynn Oï ¿ ½Shaughnessy of The College Solution for sharing her expertise with our readers! If you werenï ¿ ½t able to attend, you can watch the recording here. This webinar is a must-see for parents who want to become more educated college consumers and lower their cost of college. In the presentation, Lynn provides advice on these critical issues: How to easily determine if your family will qualify for financial aid and what you should do after you get the answer. What will likely be the most lucrative source of college money for your family. How to use a remarkable tool that will provide an estimate of what a specific college will really cost your family and why itï ¿ ½s critical to use it before your child applies anywhere. How your 529 college accounts and other investments will impact financial aid. How to pinpoint school graduation rates ï ¿ ½ all too often overlooked - while generating college ideas. The brand new changes in the financial aid/admission world that will impact millions of families just like yours.

Accounting

The Spanish Cuisine Of Spain - 980 Words

The culture of Spain is very diverse and lively. It is filled with beautiful colors like the dresses of the Flamenco dancers, or the decorations in the late-night fiestas. Last year my school had a foreign exchange student from a little island off the coast of Spain. Her name was Marà ­a. She told us all about the crystal blue water that surrounded her island, and the fiestas her and her friends and family would go to until 3 A.M. Spain is a beautiful country, and this paper will explain its most important habits, customs, and differences to American culture. The Spanish cuisine is a mystery in itself. Not only does the food differ from American cuisine, but also the customs of when it is eaten. Lisa and Tony Sierra explain the eating†¦show more content†¦The flamenco was the passionate dance of romance. Finally, the Paso Doble was a simple one step dance. Most of the literature we talked about was poetry, prose, or drama. For one of our units my teacher made us write out o ur own fairytale, and we had to read it to the class. One of my favorite websites I found for information was commisceo-global, and they explained the cultural aspects of Spain. 94% of Spaniards are Roman Catholic, and usually in many small towns, the biggest, grandest building in the town is the church. Also, most holidays were created for religious reasons, like Three King’s Day (January 6) or Holy Week (late March-early April). When Marà ­a was in Minnesota she did not go to church on Sundays, but she still participated in our local youth group. The next cultural aspect this website focused on was family and gender. It explained that most families consisted of immediate and extended, which helps with financial stability and raising children. Children were also one of the topics focused on. They say that children were the prized possessions of the families. They usually started school around 6 and went to school until they were 16. 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Fahrenheit 451 and Brave New World Essay Example For Students

Fahrenheit 451 and Brave New World Essay Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451 are two books, both of which are supposed to be set in the future, which have numerous theme similarities throughout them. Of all their common factors, the ones that stand out most would have to be first, the outlawed reading of books; second, the preservation of health and youth at almost any cost and the keeping of people happy and stress-free; and third, the theme of the protagonist as being a loner or an outcast from society because of his differences in beliefs as opposed to the norm. Well look first at the concept of outlawed reading. To us this sounds very strange. In the societies of both of these books, however, it is a common and almost completely unquestioned law. In Brave New World reading is something that all classes are conditioned against from birth. In the very beginning of the novel we see a group of infants who are given bright, attractive books but are exposed to an explosion and a shrieking siren when they reach out for them. This thus prevents them from wanting the books and causes them to scream and shrink away in horror at the mere sight of the books. In reference to the accomplishment of this conditioning, the director said, Books and loud noisesalready in the infant mind these couples are compromisingly linked; and after two hundred repetitions of the same or a similar lesson would be wedded indissolubly. What man has jointed, nature is powerless to put asunder, (Huxley 21-22). We come to learn that the basic reasoning behind this conditioning against reading in Brave New World was because you couldnt have lower-caste people wasting the Communitys time over books, and there was always the risk of their reading something which might undesirably decondition one of their reflexes (Huxley 22). In Fahrenheit 451 the outlawing of book reading is taken to an even greater extent. In this novel the whole purpose of a firefighter isnt to put out fires, rather it is to start fires. The reading of books in their society is completely forbidden and if someone is suspected of even owning a book, the firefighters are dispatched to go to that persons residence and start a fire. They start fires for the sole purpose of destroying books, as illustrated here, They pumped the cold fluid from the numeraled 451 tanks strapped to their shoulders. They coated each book, they pumped rooms full of itthe whole house is going up (Bradbury 38). Another common factor of the two novels is the extent to which each society works to preserve its people as both young and healthy and content. In Brave New World the people have soma, the feelies, they are never alone, theyre conditioned to like their job, and life for them is just made easy. Soma is what the people in Brave New World use to go on holiday. It is like the perfect drug with no side effects. It simply puts its users in a state of euphoria. According to Mustapha Mond himself, soma is to calm your anger, to reconcile you to your enemies, to make you patient and long-sufferinganybody can be virtuous now (Huxley 238). The feelies are yet another concept of the Brave New World designed simply for the comfort and enjoyment of the people. The people experience the movies in not only the visual sense, but they also feel and smell what is going on, almost as if it really is. The structure of their whole lifestyle is made in such a way so that the people are never alone. Mond ev en says,But people never are alonewe make them hate solitude; and we arrange their lives so its almost impossible for them to ever have it (Huxley 235). The different castes are also conditioned to like their jobs. This maintains stability because everyone does their job without complaint and remains happy. According to Mond, they like their workIts light, its childishly simple. No strain on the mind or the muscles. Seven and a half hours of mild, unexhausting labour, and the the soma ration and games and unrestricted copulation and the feelies. What more can they ask for? (Huxley224). .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f , .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f .postImageUrl , .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f , .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f:hover , .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f:visited , .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f:active { border:0!important; } .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f:active , .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1f5a5a608e68645e77fe0ed63dba015f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Interest Rates EssayAs far as life being made easy for them goes, Mond says, There isnt any need for a civilzed man to bear anything thats seriously unpleasant (Huxley 236). Similarly, in Fahrenheit 451, the people have television walls. We learn about their purpose, importance,and value from the character Mildred. In regards to the walls, Mildred tells Guy, Its really fun. Itll be even more fun when we can afford to have the fourth wall installeditd be just like this room wasnt ours at all, but all kinds of exotic peoples rooms (Bradbury 20-21). As far as youth or health preservation goes, in the very beginning of Fahrenheit 451 we see an example of this. Guy comes home t o find Mildred in bed, overdosed on pills. He called the emergency hospital and they came. They had this machine. They had two machines, really. One of them slid down into your stomach like a black cobra down an echoing well looking for all the old water and the old time gathered there. It drank up the green matter that flowed to the top in a slow boilthe bloodstream in this woman was new and it seemed to have done a new thing to her. Her cheeks were very pink and her lips were very fresh and full of color and they looked soft and relaxed (Bradbury 14, 16). The final and one of the most evident of the similarities in these two books would have to be the fact that the main character in both books was basically an outcast or a loner from society. In Brave New World this is , at different times, a different character. First we meet Bernard Marx as our outcast. He thinks just a little more than the average man in his society. He and his friend Helmholtz Watson are two men who stand apart because they actually think rather than drone around like the rest of the people. Bernard is also much smaller than most other alphas and has a hard time both getting women and getting lower castes to do what he says. When speaking of Bernard, one of the women says, They say somebody made a mistake when he was still in the bottle- thought he was a Gamma and put alcohol in his blood-surrogate. Thats why hes so stunted (Huxley 46). It isnt until Bernard gains guardianship over John that he is anything but an outcast. For the first time in his life he can get any woman he wants and he even believes he has power. However, after things fall apart and the savage is no longer under his control, Bernard goes back to being an outcast and is even eventually sent off to an island by himself. The second person viewed as an outcast in Brave New World would be John the savage. He never fits in while he lives on the reservation because of who his mother is and what shed done to the reservation. He is constantly secluded from activities and looked down upon, as we see here, He went with the otherssuddenly one of the men stepped forward, caught him by the arm, and pulled him out of the ranksNot for you, white-hair! (Huxley 136). Though he too has his period of acceptance when he comes to the Brave New World, he ultimately returns to his solitary ways. In the end, despite Monds wishes to continue with the research, John ran away and moved into an abandoned light tower to live as a recluse. Similarly, in Fahrenheit 451, Guy Montag is pretty much a lone r himself. Though he is a firefighter, he secretly steals more and more books and the more he reads, the less he believes in burning them. He cannot tell anyone of this, even his wife, because they will surely turn him in. Eventually, though, Guys secret is discovered and the rest of the story consists of the chase after him by the police as well as the electronic hound. He makes his get away alone and though he meets others along the way, he travels alone. The other loner in this book is Clarisse. Clarisse new she was an outcast and even said, Im afraid of children my own age. They kill each otherIm responsible. I was spanked when I needed it, years ago. And I do the shopping and house cleaning by hand (Huxley 30). .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8 , .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8 .postImageUrl , .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8 , .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8:hover , .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8:visited , .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8:active { border:0!important; } .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8:active , .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8 .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u826d298b0af763f306b7d2afb61d9db8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cocoa Commodity EssayOutlawed reading, contentment, youthfulness and health of the people, and society outcast- these three themes are, to me, the most evident in the two books. I find it incredibly fascinating that two different authors can both write books on the future and have them similar in so many ways. If you look past their similarities though, both of these books were very well written and really leave you wondering just what the future will hold. Works CitedBrave New World. Huxley, Aldous. Perennial Classics. New York, 1989. Fahrenheit 451The Temperature At Which Books Burn. Bradbury, Ray. Ballantine Books. New York, 1979.

Muhammad Ibn Musa al

Muhammed Ibn Musa al Khwarizmi was a renowned mathematician, astronomer and geographer, who lived during the Abbasid Empire. He is known as the father of algebra.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Muhammad Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some historians believe, he was born in Chorasmia in the year 780 AD (Moore Mertens, 2011), and died in 850 AD. Others think that he was born in Qutrubbul, near Baghdad (Morony, 2006). He flourished as a great scholar in the ‘House of Wisdom’ in Bagdad, under the rule of Kalif al-Mamun. Bagdad brightened the world at that time with its brilliance, and the intellectual dominance of the Arab civilization influenced the Western Europe to a great extent (Riesler, 1995). Al Khwarizmi’s algebra reflected Arab’s superior civilization, and his new ideas and thoughts propelled Arab wisdom. His contributions to astronomy, geography, and mat hematics were unparalleled, and they became the landmarks in human history. Al Khwarizmi’s arithmetic defined the Indian numeration, and acquainted Europe with the Arabic numbers. The Western Europe became aware of the Arab numbering system, decimal points and numbers from his books. Al Khwarizmi used the word â€Å"Kasra† to clarify the fractions. His arithmetic work, Algorimus, was a Latin version of his previous work, and the word algorithm was derived from it. Another book written by him on astronomy dealt with calendars, zodiac positions, sine tables and tangents and calculation of eclipses. The Zij al-Sindhind is also a great work by him on astronomy.Advertising Looking for report on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Al-Khwarizmi’s book titled Surat al-Ard is based on Ptolemy’s geographical findings. He prepared a new world map, which became the milestone in geography at that time. In addition, he reconstructed the sundials, the shadow square and the alidade for making angular observations. Thus, he spread new ideas and knowledge in the world, which exemplified the Arab civilization. It is through him that the entire Europe and other countries came to know about the Indian numerals, Arabic algebra and mathematics, without which the present day civilization and science would not have accomplished progress. Reference List Moore, C., Mertens, S. (2011). The Nature of Computation. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Morony, M. G. (2006). Iraq After the Muslim Conquest, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press. Riesler, J. C. (1955). La Civilization Arabe (Arab Civilization). Paris, France: Payot. This report on Muhammad Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was written and submitted by user Galilea L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Drug Testing or Personal Freedom essays

Drug Testing or Personal Freedom essays Drug Testing or Personal Freedom? Should school officials be allowed to perform random searches, urine testing and other tactics to prevent drug use in our schools? The answer is no because these policies invade personal freedom. The fourth amendment of the Bill of Rights protects United States Citizens from such warrant-less searches without reasonable suspicion. My junior year in high school, I had my first encounter with Mrs. Sherry H. Mrs. H. taught American History, which focused a lot on civil rights and laws. It was only an hour class and every minute was worth listening. Class discussions were very political, but that was her way of getting us ready for the real world. Seeing things with open eyes was one of her favorite sayings. She strongly encouraged us to stand up for what we believed in, whether it was constitutional or unconstitutional. In 1996, a random school search took place at W. F. High. Marijuana was found on school property. Though the shocking news traveled fast, nobody knew details of what was found or where it was found. Four years prior Savannah -Chatham County Board Of Education adopted a Safe School Plan, better known as zero tolerance for drugs, alcohol, and weapons. The board also followed up with a specific Drug Free Workplace (DFWP) for its employees. Its purpose is to deter user and abusers of alcohol, drugs and other controlled substances. Mrs. H.s car was searched and marijuana was found. Mrs. H. was instructed to take a drug test within two hours of the notice. We all knew how much Mrs. H. was against drug tests and random searches. Just by the way she watch the police like a hawk, making sure we were not violate of our right. Nobody knew this was the last time we would see Mrs. H. at W. F High. She was fired after refusing to take the drug test. The school board said it was an act of insubordination refusing to take the d...

South Florida Incomes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

South Florida Incomes - Essay Example It is reported that the top 1% of the social strata receives as much as the bottom 57% (Income Inequality 1). Economic reforms have been targeted to mitigate income inequality by the provision of aids to the poor, better job opportunities, and higher salaries. However, amidst the ardent effort of the government to curb income inequality, their efforts remain futile as figures indicate that income inequality has worsened over time. Economists have long struggled to curb income inequality through various measures. In some cases, subsidies are given to the poor that adds up as additional income to them. Governments also pursue projects that aim to improve the livelihood of the poor like the provision of farm to market roads for farmers. Some develop the quality of education that the poor receive in order for them to qualify for higher paying job opportunities. Still others mandate a compulsory rise in salary level. Amidst the effort of economists to promote income equality among citizens, there has been some debate regarding the relationship between income equality and economic progress.

Exporting healthy drink from Austria to Canada Term Paper

Exporting healthy drink from Austria to Canada - Term Paper Example These are the reasons why several companies have chosen to position their product in the foreign market. Others also cited that they preferred to export their products in order to survive in the saturated domestic market and remained competitive. However, before a certain company considered the idea of exporting, it must have all the needed resources (strategic and financial), and more importantly is to have a higher level of commitment to compete in the international market. According to Zou, Kim, and Cavusgil, in order for companies to be successful they â€Å"need to conduct a careful assessment of their readiness to export, go through the learning process of internationalization, develop effective export marketing strategies that suit for foreign markets, and implement the strategies effectively† (2). Trading Ltd. is an Austrian based company that is very determined to introduce BioDrink in the Canadian market. The main purpose of this paper is to design the international marketing strategy of Trading Ltd. targeting the Canadians as their final consumers considering all the necessary information. To measure the readiness of the company to export BioDrink in the Canadian market, it must have all the necessary resources. Among the necessary resources are strategic and financial resources, management commitment, and human resources. â€Å"A common mistake made by some companies is to become involved in exporting without adequate preparation and assessment of their readiness to export† (Zou, Kim, and Cavusgil 9). New Customers and Markets. It would be an advantage for the exporting company to have a strong home market position before going into exporting because international market is full of competitors. Canada as the prospect overseas market is a good choice in terms of its economic stability being one of the world’s wealthiest nations. Also, the demand of beverage industry in the country is increasing and the record of exporting is high. Trading

Electronic Industry in Asean Essay Example for Free

Electronic Industry in Asean Essay Several factors make electronics a leading industry in South East Asia: 1. Possibilities of application – greatly impact the growth of economy and society of one particular country 2. The drop in the prices of important hardware Electronic industry is divided into two main category: industrial electronics and consumer electronics. Industrial electronics: 1. Servers 2. Telecommunications 3. Robots Consumer electronics: 1. Radios 2. TVs 3. Video, Music Media Players 4. Cell Phones 5. Tablet PCs and Laptops Risk in Electronics Industry mainly in high obsolescence (limited product life-cycle). Electronics production in ASEAN is mainly in the field of consumer products and components. The industry underwent considerable growth in 1970s and Singapore, Malaysia, and Philippines had become important production bases. Main reasons that contribute development of electronic industry in ASEAN, from 1960s to 1980s: 1. Import Substitution Starting from 1960s to 1980s there were many import bans (protective barriers) for consumers in ASEAN countries. This also includes electronic products such as Televisions (BW and Color), Audio Stereo and Radio Cassette. Hence, Japanese corporations like Sony and Toshiba started to setup production plants, namely in Singapore and Malaysia in the early history of electronic industry in ASEAN. 2. Competition between Japanese States manufacturers. Earlier, due to quality control reasons, American manufacturers such as GoldStar (now bought over by LG) were reluctant to relocate their production plant to Asia. However, due decreasing component cost (especially production of electronic diode and cathode ray – important components for TVs at that time) from ASEAN Countries, they decided to create new plants in ASEAN – as a result, more schools in ASEAN are starting to open basic electronic education (unique opportunity for technology and knowledge transfer for ASEAN countries) 3. Changing in Industrial Policies The most pronounced change happened in Singapore after breaking up with the Federation of Malaysia in 1965. EDB was formed with the mission to find investors from US and Europe. Within 3 years, Singapore became the largest semi-conductor assembly in Asia. Electronic industry employed 2,400 people in 1968 to 35,000 in 1976 and 60,000 in 1984. In Malaysia, there was a New Economic Policy. Electronic industry was given a priority status – tax exemption was given in the first 7 years of business. Since Malaysia had more manpower as compared to Singapore, it took over the leading position in 1985 (General Electric employed 38,000 labour in West and East Malaysia). In Thailand, more and more citizens were exposed to Television and Radios. Hence, export of electronic goods represented up to 13% of annual exported products. In Indonesia, export-processing zone was opened in North Jakarta, however the ‘boom’ was not as huge as garment production over that period of time. 4. The growing demand for computer related equipment More government and private offices required Personal Computer and its equipment such as disk drives. Interestingly, contrary to popular belief, low wages alone do not create comparative advantage. In fact, countries that earned major foreign investments were Singapore and Malaysia, where wages, still are the highest in the region. In our findings, we believe that infrastructural environment in terms of transport telecommunications played an important role. In addition, political stability and industrial environments in terms of supporting firms in plastics, machinery, as well as the quality of manpower were crucial for the offshore production of new electronic products such as micro and minicomputers.

The Metamorphosis of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye Essay -- Catcher

The Metamorphosis of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚  Ã‚   Without love and guidance, young people often find themselves lost; unsure of what direction their lives are headed. Such is the case with Holden Caulfield, a character from the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger. Holden is a sixteen-year old boy who has lost his way. Hold has suffered a great loss, the death of his Brother, Allie.       Holden is trying to reconcile his emotions since Allie's death. While dealing with their own grief, Holden's parents have neglected his needs and have therefore not addressed this with him. Holden goes searching for answers and companionship since his parents are emotionally unavailable. This story takes up with Holden on in search to all the wrong places to find these things. After a fight with his roommate at Pencey Prep School, Holden goes to Ackly's room. He strikes up some very superficial conversation and then asks if Ackly wants to play a game of cards. Ackly declines. Asking "Do you know what time it is, by any chance?"(pg.42) Holden is aware of the time but is desperate for a friend. Holden presses father asking if he could spend the night in Ackly's room. Ackly once again denied Holden's request    With that, Holden let's Ackly go back to sleep and lays alone with his thoughts, "I t was depressing out in the street. You couldn't even hear any cars anymore. I got feeling so lonesome and rotten. I even felt like waking Ackly up."(pg.50) At this point Holden decides that he is going to run away for a few days before he has to go home. On the train going into the city, Holden meets up with Mrs. Morrow. He finds her very attractive. An interesting point here is that he te... ...about the carousel."(pg.213) It started pouring rain but Holden wasn't bothered, he " felt so damned happy."(pg.213) At that point Holden was able to say goodbye to Allie and let go of his grief. Holden returns home with Phoebe, and his family get him some help. He'll be back to school in the fall and this time he's ready to put in an effort.    Sources Consulted    Davis, Robert Con, ed. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 56. Detroit: Gail Research Inc., 1989.   Marsden, Malcolm M. Ed. If You Really Want to Know: A "Catcher" Casebook.   Chicago: Scott, Foresman, 2002.   68-73. Internet Public Library. "Salinger Literary Criticism Collection.".Dec 2001.17 April 2002.<http://www.ipl.org/cgi- bin/ref/litcrit/litcrit.out.pl?ti=cat-202>. Salinger, J.D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1951      

Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Epilogue

Epilogue The angel took the book from him, then went out the door and across the hall, where he knocked on the door. â€Å"He's finished,† the angel said to someone in the room. â€Å"What, you're leaving? I can just go?† asked Levi who was called Biff. The door across the hall opened, and there stood another angel, this one seeming to have more a female aspect than Raziel. She too held a book. She stepped into the hall to reveal a woman standing behind her, wearing jeans and a green cotton blouse. Her hair was long and straight, dark with reddish highlights, and her eyes were crystal blue and seemed to glow in contrast to her dark skin. â€Å"Maggie,† said Levi. â€Å"Hi, Biff.† â€Å"Maggie finished her Gospel weeks ago,† said Raziel. â€Å"Really?† The Magdalene smiled. â€Å"Well, I didn't have as much to write as you did. I didn't see you guys for sixteen years.† â€Å"Oh, right.† â€Å"It is the will of the Son that you two go out together into this new world,† said the female angel. Levi went across the hall and took her in his arms. They kissed for a long time until the angels began to clear their throats and murmur â€Å"Get a room† under their breaths. They held each other at arm's length. Levi said, â€Å"Maggie, is this going to be like it always was? You know, you're with me, and you love me and everything, but it's only because you can't have Josh?† â€Å"Of course.† â€Å"That's so pathetic.† â€Å"You don't want to be together?† â€Å"No, I want to, it's just pathetic.† â€Å"I have money,† she said. â€Å"They gave me money.† â€Å"That's good.† â€Å"Go,† said Raziel, losing his patience. â€Å"Go, go, go. Go away.† He pointed down the hallway. They started walking down the hallway, arm in arm, tentatively, looking back at the angels every few steps, until at last they looked back and the angels were gone. â€Å"You should have stuck around,† the Magdalene said. â€Å"I couldn't. It hurt too much.† â€Å"He came back.† â€Å"I know, I read about it.† â€Å"He was sad because of what you had done.† â€Å"Yeah, so was I.† â€Å"The others were angry with you. They said that you had the greatest reason to believe.† â€Å"That why they edited me out of their Gospels?† â€Å"Good guess,† she said. They stepped into the elevator and the Magdalene pushed the button for the lobby. â€Å"By the way, it was Hallowed,† she said. â€Å"What was Hallowed?† â€Å"The H. His middle name. It was Hallowed. It's a family name, remember, ‘Our father, who art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name.'† â€Å"Damn, I would have guessed Harvey,† Biff said. Afterword Teaching Yoga to an Elephant And there are also many other things which Jesus did, the which, if they should be written every one, I suppose that even the world itself could not contain the books that should be written. Amen. JOHN 21:25 Can you really teach yoga to an elephant? Well no, you can't, but we're talking about Jesus here. Nobody knows what he could do. The book you've just read is a story. I made it up. It is not designed to change anyone's beliefs or worldview, unless after reading it you've decided to be kinder to your fellow humans (which is okay), or you decide you really would like to try to teach yoga to an elephant, in which case, please get videotape. I researched Lamb, I really did, but there is no doubt I could have spent decades researching and still managed to be inaccurate. (It's a talent, what can I say?) While I've made some attempt to paint an accurate picture of the world in which Christ lived, I changed things for my own convenience, and sometimes, obviously, there was no way of knowing what conditions really existed in the years 1 through 33. The available written history about the peasant class, society, and the practice of Judaism in the first century in Galilee degenerates quickly into theory. The role of the Pharisees in peasant society, the Hellenistic influence, the influence of an international city like Joppa nearby: who knows how these things would have affected Christ as a boy? Some historians postulate that Yeshua of Nazareth would have been little more than an ignorant hillbilly, while others say that because of the proximity of Sepphoris and Joppa, he could have been exposed to Greek and Roman culture from an early age. I chose the latter because it makes for a more interesting story. The historical life of Jesus, beyond a couple of references by Josephus, the Jewish historian of the first century, and the odd mention by Roman historians, is again mostly speculation. What we can know today of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is included in the four slim Gospels found in the New Testament: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. For those readers who know the Gospels (bear with me), you know that Matthew and Luke are the only two to mention Christ's birth, while Mark and John cover only the ministry part of Jesus' life. The wise men are mentioned only in one short passage in Matthew, and the shepherds are mentioned only in Luke. The slaughter of the innocents and the fleeing into Egypt are mentioned only in Matthew. In short, Jesus' infancy is a jumble, but the chronicle of his childhood is worse. Of the time from Jesus' birth to when he began his ministry in his thirties, the Bible gives us only one scene: Luke tells us of Jesus teaching in the Temple in Jerusalem at age twel ve. Other than that, we have a thirty-year hole in the life of the most influential human being to ever walk the face of the earth. With Lamb, in my own goofy way, I attempted to fill that hole in history, but again, I am not trying to present history as it might really have been, I'm simply telling stories. Some of the historical elements of Lamb are uncomfortable to work the modern mind around. The precocious sexuality comes to mind. That Maggie would have been betrothed by twelve and married by thirteen is almost certain from what we know of Jewish society in the first century, as are the facts that a Jewish boy of the time would have been learning his trade by age ten, would be betrothed at thirteen, and would be married by fourteen. Trying to create empathy for the adult roles of those whom we, today, would consider children, was of no small concern to me when I was writing that section of the book, but it may be the one section where the sexuality of the characters is not historically out of place. The average peasant in Galilee would have been lucky to live to the age of forty, so perhaps the children, by necessity, reached sexual maturity earlier than they would under less harsh conditions. Although there are, I'm sure, many historical inaccuracies and improbabilities in this book, the most blatant that I have knowingly indulged is in the section where Biff and Joshua visit Gaspar in the mountains of China. While Gautama Buddha did indeed live and teach some five hundred years before the birth of Christ, and while his teachings were widespread in India by the time our heroes could have made it to the East, Buddhism didn't make it into China for almost five hundred years after Christ's death. The martial arts would not be developed by Buddhist monks until after that, but to remain historically accurate, I would have had to leave out an important question that I felt needed to be addressed, which is, â€Å"What if Jesus had known kung fu?† The life of Gaspar, as described in Lamb (the nine years in the cave, etc.), is drawn from the legends of the life of the Buddhist patriarch Bodhidharma, the man who is said to have taken Buddhism to China around A.D. 500. Bodhidharma (or Daruma) is credited with the school of Buddhism that we know today as Zen. Buddhist legend does not mention Bodhidharma encountering a yeti, but they do have him cutting his eyelids off to avoid falling asleep and having them sprout into tea plants which later monks would brew to keep awake during meditation (which I left out), so I traded that story in on an abominable snowman and Biff's theory of natural selection. Seemed fair. Bodhidharma is also said to have invented and taught kung fu to the famous Shao Lin monks to condition them for the rigorous regimen of meditation he prescribed. Most of the details of the festival of Kali, including the sacrifices and mutilations, come from Joseph Campbell's Oriental Mythology, from his Masks of God series. Campbell cites eyewitness accounts of the bloody ritual from nineteenth-century British soldiers and states that even today over eight hundred goats are beheaded for the festival of Kali in Calcutta. (Anyone who had trouble with this passage, please write to Campbell in his current incarnation.) The cited verses from the Upanishads and Bhagavad Gita are actual translations of those revered writings. The verses from the Kama Sutra are completely from my imagination, but you'll find weirder stuff in the actual book. Theologically, I made certain assumptions about who Jesus was, mainly that he was who the Gospels say he was. While I used the Gospels heavily for reference, and there are a couple of references to the Acts of the Apostles (specifically the giving of the gift of tongues, without which Biff could not have told the story in modern American idiom), I tried not to draw on the rest of the New Testament, specifically the letters of Paul, Peter, James, and John, as well as Revelations, all written years after the Crucifixion (as were the Gospels). These missives eventually went on to define Christianity, but no matter what you may think of them, you have to agree that Jesus would not have been aware of them, or the events in them, or certainly the consequences of their teaching, so they had no place in this story. Joshua and Biff, as Jewish boys, would, however, have been familiar with the books of the Old Testament, the first five of which made up the base of their faith, the Torah, and th e rest which were referred to by people of the time as Prophets and Writings, so I referred to these when I felt it was appropriate. As I understand it, however, the Talmud and most of the Midrash (illustrative stories explaining the law of God) had not yet been formulated and agreed upon, so they were not used as a reference for Lamb. From the Gnostic Gospels (a set of manuscripts found at Nag Hammadi, Egypt, in 1945, but which actually may have been written earlier than the canonized Gospels) I've drawn only slightly on the Gospel of Thomas, a book of Christ's sayings, because it fit well with the Buddhist point of view (many of the sayings in the Gospel of Thomas are also found in Mark). The other Gnostic Gospels were either too fragmentary, or frankly, just plain creepy (the Infancy Gospel of Thomas describes Jesus, at age six, using his supernatural powers to murder a group of children because they tease him. Sort of Carrie Goes to Nazareth. Even I had to pass.) Lamb is peppered throughout with biblical references, both real and made-up (i.e., Biff quotes liberally from nonexistent books of the Bible such as Dalmatians, Excretions, and Amphibians). My editor and I discussed the merit of footnoting these references and decided that footnotes would detract from the flow of the story. The problem arises, however, that if the reader knows the Bible well enough to recognize the real references, there's a good chance that he or she has decided not to read this book. Our final decision – well, my final decision, my editor wasn't really consulted on this because he might have said no – was to advise those who are not familiar with the Bible to find someone who is, sit them down, read them the passages in question, then say, â€Å"That one real? How 'bout that one?† If you don't know someone who is familiar with the Bible, just wait, someone will come to your door eventually. Keep extra copies of Lamb on hand so they can take one with them. Another problem with telling a story that has been told so many times is that people are looking for elements with which they are familiar. Although I've glossed over many events that are chronicled in the Gospels, there are numerous elements which many people think are there, which simply are not. One is that Mary Magdalene was a prostitute. She's always portrayed that way in movies, but it doesn't ever say that she is in the Bible. She is mentioned by name eleven times in the synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Luke, Mark). Most references to her talk about her preparation for the burial of Jesus, and then being the first witness of his resurrection. It also says that Jesus cured her of evil spirits. No whore references, period. There are â€Å"Marys† without surnames all over the Gospels, and some of them, I suspect, may refer to the Magdalene, specifically the Mary who, soon before his death, anoints Jesus' feet with expensive ointment and wipes them with her hair, certainly one of the most tender moments in the Gospels and the primary basis for my rendering of Maggie's character. We know from letters that many of the leaders of the early church were women, but in first-century Israel, a woman who struck out on her own without a husband was not only considered uppity, but was very likely referred to as a harlot (as was a woman who was divorced). That could be where the myth originated. Another Gospel misassumption is that the three wise men were kings, or, in fact, that there were even three of them. We make that assumption because there are three gifts given to the Christ child. Their names are never mentioned. The names Balthasar, Gaspar, and Melchior come to us from Christian tradition written hundreds of years after the time of Christ. We assume that Joseph of Nazareth, Jesus' stepfather, dies before the Crucifixion, yet it is never stated in the Gospels. He just may not have been involved. We make assumptions based on what we have been fed over the years at Christmas pageants and passion plays, but often, although inspired by faith, that material is little more than what you have just read: the product of someone's imagination. The Gospels do not agree on the order of the events that happen during the ministry, from Jesus' baptism by John to the Crucifixion, so I arranged events from all the Gospels in what seemed a logical, chronological order, while adding t hose elements that allow Biff's participation in the story. There are, of course, elements of the Gospels which I left out in the interest of brevity, but you can always find them in the Gospels if you want. My sending Joshua and Biff to the East was motivated purely by story, not by basis in the Gospel or historical evidence. While there are indeed astounding similarities between the teachings of Jesus and those of Buddha (not to mention those of Lao-tzu, Confucius, and the Hindu religion, all which seem to have included some version of the Golden Rule), it's more likely that these stem from what I believe to be logical and moral conclusions that any person in search of what is right would come to, e.g.: that the preferable way to treat one another is with love and kindness; that pursuit of material gain is ultimately empty when measured against eternity; and that somehow, as human beings, we are all connected spiritually. While historians and theologians don't completely rule out the possibility that Christ may have traveled to the East, they seem to agree that he could have formulated the teachings we find in the Gospels with no more influence than the rabbinical teachings in Galilee and Judea. But what fun would that have been? Finally, this story was set in a dire time, a deadly serious time, and the world of the first-century Jew under the rule of the Romans would not have been one that easily inspired mirth. It's more than a small anachronism that I portray Joshua having and making fun, yet somehow, I like to think that while he carried out his sacred mission, Jesus of Nazareth might have enjoyed a sense of irony and the company of a wisecracking buddy. This story is not and never was meant to challenge anyone's faith; however, if one's faith can be shaken by stories in a humorous novel, one may have a bit more praying to do. My thanks to the many people who helped in the research and writing of this book, especially those who were generous enough to share their beliefs without judgment or condemnation. Many thanks to Neil Levy, Mark Joseph, Professor William â€Å"Sundog† Bersley, Ray Sanders, and John â€Å"The Heretic† Campbell for their advice on religion, philosophy, and history. To Charlee Rodgers for putting up with the fits, starts, whining, and hubris of the process, as well as to Dee Dee Leichtfuss for readings and comments. Special thanks to Orly Elbaz, who was my tour guide through Israel and who showed infinite patience in answering my nitpicky historical questions. Also to my agent, Nick Ellison, and my editor, Tom Dupree, for their patience, tolerance, and advice. Christopher Moore BIG SUR, CALIFORNIA NOVEMBER 2000

Separation Of Salt And Sand By Filtration - 1317 Words

Separation Of Salt and Sand By Filtration Nikki Plack 10-13-15 pd.11 Abstract It is hypothesized that using filtration and evaporation, the correct mass percent of a sand/salt mixture can be determined. Introduction Matter can be classified into two categories, a pure substance or a mixture. Then pure substances and mixtures can be broken down into more specific classifications. If matter is classified as a mixture then that means that it is made up of 2 or more compounds physically joined together. The physical change in a mixture denotes that the chemical identity was not changed. An example of this would be an ice cube melting into water. If matter is classified as a pure substance it has 2 or more elements chemically joined together creating only 1 type of atom or molecule. For example Cu only contains copper atoms. The proportions of a mixture can vary like a 14 karat gold ring, it is made up of 58.3% gold and 41.7% zinc and silver . 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